Science

I've spent over a decade on the cutting-edge weight loss research, and science continues to reveal the one true key to dropping 4 to 9 lbs. of belly fat every week and keeping it off for life: avoid hidden sugar. That's why I believe true fitness - true health - must begin in the kitchen.



The Science
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Mayo Clinic Staff. “Belly Fat in Women: How to Keep it Off.” April 2007. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/belly-fat/WO00128

Arver, S. “Testosterone and the Metabolic Syndrome.” Journal of Men’s Health. 5 (2008):S7–S10.

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“Eat any sugar alcohol lately?” Yale-New Haven Nutrition Advisor. March 2005. http://www.ynhh.com/online/nutrition/advisor/sugar_alcohol.html.

Abou-Donia, MB, EM El-Masry, AA Abdel-Rahman, et al. “Splenda Alters Gut Microflora and Increases Intestinal P-Glycoprotein and Cytochrome P-450 in Male Rats.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A 71 (2008):1415–1429.
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Maher, TJ, RJ Wurtmant. “Possible Neurologic Effects of Aspartame, a Widely Used Food Additive.” Environmental Health Perspectives. 75 (1987):53–57.

Mattila, PT, M Knuuttila, LE Svanberg, et al. “Beneficial effects of dietary xylitol on mineralized and collagenous tissues.” Current Topics in Neutraceutical Research. 1 (2003).
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Passmore, R, YE Swindells. “Observations on the respiratory quotients and weight gain of man after eating large quantity of carbohydrate.” British Journal of Nutrition. 17 (163):331–339.
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Savita, SM, K Sheela, S Sunanda, et al. “Health Implications of Stevia Rebaudiana.” Journal of Human Ecology. 15 (2004):191–194.
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Additional Research
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Barzilai, N, J Wang, D Massilon, et al. “Leptin Selectively Decreases Visceral Adiposity and Enhances Insulin Action.” The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 100 (1997):3105–3110.
Basciano H, L Federico, K Adeli, et al. “Fructose, insulin resistance, and metabolic dyslipidemia.” Nutrition & Metabolism. 2 (2005):5.

Behan KJ, J Mbizo. “The Relationship Between Waist Circumference and Biomarkers for Diabetes and CVD in Healthy Non-Obese Women.” Laboratory Medicine. 38 (2007):422–427.
Bergman RN, SP Kim, IR Hsu, et al. “Abdominal Obesity: Role in the Pathophysiology of Metabolic Disease and Cardiovascular Risk.” American Journal of Medicine. 120 (2007):S3–S8.
Bergman RN, SP Kim, KJ Catalano, et al. “Why Visceral Fat is Bad: Mechanisms of the Metabolic Syndrome.” Obesity. 14 (2006):16S–19S.

Beyer, PL, EM Caviar, and RW McCallum. “Fructose Intake at Current Levels in the United States May Cause Gastrointestinal Distress in Normal Adults.” Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 105 (2005):1559–66.
Bjørbæk, C, BB Kahn. “Leptin Signaling in the Central Nervous System and the Periphery.” Recent Progress in Hormone Research. 59 (2004):305–331.

Buss, D. “Strategies of Human Mating.” Psychological Topics. 15 (2006):239–260.
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Cohen, PG. “Obesity in men: The hypogonadal-estrogen receptor relationship and its effect on glucose homeostasis.” Medical Hypotheses. 70 (2008):358–360.
Cordain L, SB Eaton, A Sebastian, et al. “Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 81 (2005):341–354.
Costello, D. “The Price of Obesity.” Los Angeles Times. April 1, 2005.
Demetra DC, PP Jones, AE Pimentel, et al. “Increased abdominal-to-peripheral fat distribution contributes to altered autonomic-circulatory control with human aging.” The American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 287 (2004):H1530–H1537.
Diamant M, JL Hildo, MA van de Ree, et al. “The Association between Abdominal Visceral Fat and Carotid Stiffness Is Mediated by Circulating Inflammatory Markers in Uncomplicated Type 2 Diabetes.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 90 (2005):1495–1501.
Ellwood M. “Fall’s Fashion Makes the Waist More Important Than Ever.” New York Daily News. October 4, 2007.
Fisher ML, M Voracek. “The shape of beauty: determinants of female physical attractiveness.” Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 5 (2006):190–4.

Fung, TT, V Malik, KM Rexrode, et al. “Sweetened beverage consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 89 (2009):1037–1042.
Gosnell M. “Killer Fat.” Discover. February 2007.
Hesketh, K, E Waters, J Green, et al. “Healthy Eating, activity and obesity prevention: a qualitative study of parent and child perceptions in Australia.” Health Promotion International. 20 (2005):19–26.
Katcher, HI, RS Legro, AR Kunselman, et al. “The Effects of a Whole Grain-Enriched Hypocaloric Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Men and Women With Metabolic Syndrome.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 87 (2008):79–90.
Krajcovicová-Kudlácková, M, Kebeková, R Schinzel, et al. “Advanced Glycation End Products and Nutrition.” Physiology Research. 51 (2002):313–316.

Mulligan, K, K Hootan, JM Schwarz, et al. “The Effects of Recombinant Human Leptin on Visceral Fat, Dyslipidemia, and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Lipoatrophy and Hypoleptinemia.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 94 (2009):1137–1144.
Öhman MK, Y Shen, CI Obimba, et al. “Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice.” Circulation. 117 (2008):798–805.
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Reitzes, D. “Self and Health: Factors Influencing Self-Esteem and Functional Health.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Marriott Hotel, Loews Philadelphia Hotel, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 12, 2005.
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Sanches FMR, CM Avesani, MA Kamimura, et al. “Waist Circumference and Visceral Fat in CKD: A Cross-sectional Study.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 52 (2008):66–73.
Stanhope, K, P Havel. “Fructose Consumption: Considerations for Future Research on Its Effects on Adipose Distribution, Lipid Metabolism, and Insulin Sensitivity in Humans.” The Journal of Nutrition. 139 (2009):1236S–1241S.
Stanhope, KL, PJ Havel. “Fructose Consumption: Potential Mechanisms for its Effects to Increase Visceral Adiposity and Induce Dyslipidemia and Insulin Resistance.” Current Opinion in Lipidology. 19 (2008):16–24.
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Tracy RP. “Is Visceral Adiposity the ‘Enemy Within’?” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 21 (2001):881–883.
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